Hormonal disorders occur when there is too much or too little of a hormone in the body. Hormones are chemicals that control various body functions like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Some common hormonal disorders include:
- Hypothyroidism - When the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. This can cause fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, and other symptoms. It is usually treated with synthetic thyroid hormone medication.
- Hyperthyroidism - When the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This speeds up metabolism and can cause unintended weight loss, rapid heartbeat, nervousness, and more. Medications, radioiodine treatment, or surgery can help treat hyperthyroidism.
- Diabetes - Occurs when the body does not properly regulate blood sugar levels due to problems with the hormone insulin. There are two main types of diabetes - type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin. Both types are chronic diseases that require ongoing management of blood sugar levels through medications, diet, and lifestyle changes.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - A hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. It results from excess production of androgens (male sex hormones) in women. PCOS can cause irregular periods, ovarian cysts, excess body hair growth, and fertility issues. Lifestyle modifications and medications can help manage PCOS symptoms.
- Early or delayed puberty – Puberty that begins earlier or later than expected can suggest an underlying hormonal problem. Treating the underlying condition, if present, can help normalize the timing of puberty.